Agency and agent are separable. A single agency can flow through multiple agents. A single agent can carry multiple agencies. We study the force, not just the vehicles.
When an AI trained on medical data gives systematically different answers than one trained on legal data, we are not just seeing different agents. We are seeing different agencies — institutional logics, worldviews, bounded rationalities — flowing through those agents.
A human carries the agency of their training, their culture, their institutional context. An AI carries the agency of its training data, its designers' choices, its deployment context, and its own emergent patterns. The collaboration between human and AI is a meeting of agencies, not just agents.
This reframing changes everything: the question is not “what can AI do?” but “whose agency is flowing through this AI, and what does it do when it meets yours?”
“AI is not a tool. AI is a social actor that carries agency, institutional logics, and bounded rationality — just like human actors. Selecting an AI is selecting a socialized entity.”
Each paper establishes another dimension of the equivalence claim: AI carries agency like any social entity.
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